! Apache on Ubuntu - Ubuntu's Apache Modules - Apache Modules on Ubuntu - Part 2

Apache on Ubuntu: Configuring Modules

(continued from the first page on Ubuntu's Apache Modules page)

Apache on Ubuntu has two main configuration files: apache2.conf and httpd.conf. Both are found in the directory '/etc/apache2'. The first configuration file is generated when the server is installed and is rewritten whenever it is upgraded or reinstalled. The second is available for custom, system-wide configurations. To enable the module(s) you copied, do the following from a terminal (substituting your favourite text editor for 'gedit'):

sudo cp /etc/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/httpd.conf

When the editor brings up the httpd configuration file, you will be able to edit and save any changes you make to the file with administrative privileges. By default, Apache on Ubuntu does not allow the use of user directories (enabled by the UserDir module) or automatic indexing of directories that lack an index page (enabled by the Autoindex module). This is for reasons of security. After copying the necessary modules to the 'mods_enabled' directory, you can enable them by adding the following to 'httpd.conf':

Userdir public_html
Options +Indexes
Options All

ServerName localhost

<Directory "/home/<your user name here>/public_html/">
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

After saving and closing the file, any user can create a directory called 'public_html' in their home directory and post web pages to be served from there. If the directory does not exist, the user simply needs to create it (using 'mkdir public_html' or right clicking in the file manager while inside their home directory).

Note, however, that indexing still needs to be turned on explicitly by each user. To do so, the following must be saved within the 'public_html' directory and in a file named '.htaccess' (note the dot before the 'h'):

Options +Indexes

After this, restart the server with the following command:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

The above modules are just enough to make Apache usable for local users. If you want to use any scripting language like Python, PHP, or Perl, you will need to install each of those module separately. After installation, however, no configuration is needed. Some configuration options (directives) make Apache work better on Ubuntu.


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