Install Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)
To install Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) is very simple and straightforward. There are choices to make along the way, however, and this guide helps you to make the best choice for your situation. Before you begin, ensure that you have the following:
- A computer that meets Ubuntu Lucid's system requirements
- The installation disk? The CD image for Ubuntu 10.04 can be had from one of the following locations: The image file that you download can be opened in any standard CD burning application on your computer and should fit on a standard 700 MB CD-ROM. Alternatively, you can write off to the makers of Ubuntu to ship a free CD to you.
The general steps of an Ubuntu 10.04 installation process are:
- Get an install CD or DVD
- Check the system requirements for Ubuntu to ensure that your computer will run Ubuntu
- Choose which version of Ubuntu you want to install: Ubuntu 10.04 is a long-term support (LTS) version and will be supported with updates until April of 2013, when the next LTS version will be released.
- If you have a version of Windows installed on your computer and want to keep it alongside Ubuntu, learn about dual booting and how to dual boot your computer
- Install Ubuntu 10.04
- Install software updates
Note that the latest version of Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) is 10.04.2. If you have a disk marked 10.04 or 10.04.1, the files are old. You can still go ahead with the installation, but the post-install update process will be longer as the system updates to the up-to-date 10.04.2 version.For the rest of this guide, we will delve into the details of the fifth step: installing Ubuntu 10.04. Let's get started.
Boot Priority
Before starting to install Ubuntu Lucid, you should ensure that your computer will boot from the CD. To do this, you need to enter the BIOS of your computer and check the boot priority sequence. Exactly how this is done will vary from computer to computer. Check your user manual(s) for the procedure.
Usually, if the first option reads "HDD" or similar, you need to change it. To boot from the CD, the first option should be for a CD or a DVD reader (if the drive is built into the machine). If the CD or DVD drive is plugged into the computer through a USB connection, it may read "external device" or similar.
Insert the CD-ROM into the Drive
Before you instruct the computer to save the BIOS settings and reboot, open the optical disk drive and insert the CD-ROM. This will save you from having to go through the boot cycle needlessly. Then reboot the machine.
Boot the Computer
When your computer restarts, you will hear the whirl of the disk drive as the computer reads from the CD to boot. If the computer does not read from the CD, either the boot priority was not properly set and saved or you have a problem with your computer.
Choose "Try Ubuntu 10.04 LTS"
As the computer comes up, you will be asked for your language in the left most panel of the dialogue box. Select whichever is appropriate for you.
Then you face two options:
- Try Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
- Install Ubuntu 10.04 LTS
Booting into an Ubuntu 10.04 live session may seem unnecessary, but it isn't. The live session helps you test your hardware against the Ubuntu 10.04 hardware support and ensure that your system will run this version of Linux. If the live system won't come up, you will know without compromising the integrity of the system currently on your computer.
Select Install Option
In most cases, the live session will come up without a problem. When it does, you will see an icon on the desktop for installing Ubuntu 10.04. Click on that link to launch the Ubuntu installer.
Choose Location
The first step of the installation process is to choose your location. You will be presented with a world map and a drop-down list. You can choose your location from either, and the results will be displayed in the box along with your timezone.
Click "Forward" when you are done with this step.
Choose Keyboard Layout
Next you will be required to choose a keyboard layout. The options are indexed by country and format.
Ubuntu presents the logical option from your location, but that is not always what you want. If you are an expat used to the layout of another region or prefer to use a less common keyboard configuration, you will want a different selection for this step. Choose accordingly and click "Forward" to continue.
Partitioning
The next step is one of the most challenging for newcomers to Linux. A partition is a logical division between locations on a computer. It is logical and does not always reflect two separate physical drives (though it can). Partitioning most often comes into play when dual-booting Ubuntu and another operating system.
Four Options
You have four options on this step.
- If you want to dual boot with Windows system that is already installed, choose "Install them side by side, choosing between them at each startup."
- If you want to overwrite an existing system and lose access to the data on that installation, choose "Use the entire disk."
- If you just want Ubuntu 10.04 to be installed with whatever free space is available, choose the option ""Use the largest continuous free space."
- Otherwise, choose the last option: "Specify partitions manually." This is usually recommended only for advanced users, but it is the option that allows you to setup the system in such a way that your system files and user files are kept safely separate.
Make Your Own Partitions
When choosing the fourth option, specifying your own partitions, you need to know which partitions are which. If you are going to dual boot your system, be sure to read our dual booting guide.
Know Your Devices
Some specialty setups may specify other parts of the system, like /var, /boot, /etc, and /tmp.In a nutshell, partitioning revolves around choosing the right hard disk and setting appropriate sections there for the major parts of the computer system. The three main parts that you will want to separate are / ('root'), /home, and any swap space. The root directory ('/') is the trunk of the directory tree, the main system directory off which everything else follows. The /home directory is for user files. Swap space is used as virtual ram (VRAM) for the system.
Systems with less than 1024 bytes of RAM should have swap space or VRAM equivalent to twice as much as whatever RAM they have. Systems with 1024 bytes or higher of physical RAM should use a 1:1 ratio between physical and virtual RAM.
Select the Device for the Partition
To create a partition, select the device or disk on which you want the partition to reside. For most computers, especially laptops, there will be only one hard disk, and this will be listed as /dev/sda.
If other partitions exist on the disk, they will be listed by number (e.g., /dev/sda1, /dev/sda5, etc.). You have the option of leaving them or deleting them. Note that anything you delete at this stage can be undone by pressing "Revert". Once you click "Forward", however, any changes become permanent.
If a partition exists, you will either need to change or delete that partition. Partitions cannot typically be resized without reformatting. However, if you have a drive (e.g., a Windows installation) that you want to save and be able to access from within Linux, you can select it and give it a unique directory location (e.g., "/win/c") using this dialogue. Ubuntu will then integrate that location into the directory structure of the system.
If you are creating a partition, you will have several choices to make.
- Usually choose a primary partition. If you have trouble creating a primary partition, then default to a logical partition.
- Choose a partition size according to your desires for space. Be careful not to cut too fine on the size of the root directory. If there is not enough space, the system will not be able to boot.
- It is usually best to put the partition at the beginning of the disk, not the end.
- With Ubuntu, you also have the choice of which type of file system you want to use. Unless you have requirements which mandate otherwise, you are best to go with either ext3 or ext4. The latter is the default file system for Ubuntu, and the former is the older (and more proven) default.
- Finally, choose the mount point for the partition. The lion's share of diskspace usually goes to the /home directory because that is where user files are kept.
Your system configuration must fit your purposes. So, you may need to adjust the size of the root and /home directories based on the size of software to be installed and how much space user's need for their files.
When you are done, check over all of your partitions and ensure that the configuration is as you want it. Then click "Forward" to make the configuration permanent and to continue with the installation.
Setup the First Account
The next step of installing Ubuntu 10.04 is setting up the first user account. One should take care here to create users in the right order. Ubuntu does not allow one to log into the administrator directly. In order to have root access on Ubuntu, one must be on the sudoers list. The first registered user of any Ubuntu installation is automatically registered on that list.
When creating the first user account on Ubuntu 10.04, one starts by entering the real name of the user. This can be Jane Smith or a fuller name including title and degrees. Usually, however, only the first and last names are needed. For that user, you must then enter:
- Login
- Password
- Whether the user should be automatically logged in or require a password
Ubuntu 10.04 also helps with system security by checking your password strength. If the password is weak, it will indicate it. You should then adjust the user password to have the following characteristics:
- 8 or more characters
- use both uppercase and lowercase letters
- use numbers
- use at least one symbol
Click "Forward" to continue to the next step.
Click Install and Relax
You will next be presented with a summary of the installation options you have entered. If any are incorrect, you can click "Back" to go back in the installation process and fix them.
There is also a button labelled "Advanced...". This is for specifying the device on which you want the boot loader Grub to be installed. Normally, you can leave this well alone, and we recommend you do so.
When you are ready, select "Install" to complete the installation process. The Ubuntu installer will then go through the process of installing Ubuntu 10.04. A helpful progress bar will show its progress.
Restart
When the installation process is finished, you will receive a message like the following:
Installation is complete. You need to restart the computer in order to use the new installation.Simply click the "Restart Now" button, and your system will reboot into Ubuntu 10.04.
Ubuntu usually ejects the CD when it is done. However, depending on your hardware and BIOS, it may ask you to do so. If such a request appears on the screen, simply pop the CD out and close the drive. If there is a button, click it. Otherwise, you can manually reboot your system by depressing your power button for 10 seconds.
After installing Ubuntu 10.04, you will probably want to know a bit about the desktop and how to configure parts of the computer system. See Configure Ubuntu" to learn how.
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