PHP on Ubuntu: Reading the php.ini File

Configuring PHP is one of the major steps in running a LAMP server on Ubuntu. After installing PHP, you will want to adjust the initialisation file to your needs. Elsewhere, we have covered how to read the PHP configuration file as well as looking at PHP configuration in-depth. To complement these discussions, here is the default php.ini file as found on Ubuntu:

[PHP]

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; About php.ini ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; PHP's initialization file, generally called php.ini, is responsible for
; configuring many of the aspects of PHP's behavior.

; PHP attempts to find and load this configuration from a number of locations.
; The following is a summary of its search order:
; 1. SAPI module specific location.
; 2. The PHPRC environment variable. (As of PHP 5.2.0)
; 3. A number of predefined registry keys on Windows (As of PHP 5.2.0)
; 4. Current working directory (except CLI)
; 5. The web server's directory (for SAPI modules), or directory of PHP
; (otherwise in Windows)
; 6. The directory from the --with-config-file-path compile time option, or the
; Windows directory (C:\windows or C:\winnt)
; See the PHP docs for more specific information.
; http://php.net/configuration.file

; The syntax of the file is extremely simple. Whitespace and Lines
; beginning with a semicolon are silently ignored (as you probably guessed).
; Section headers (e.g. [Foo]) are also silently ignored, even though
; they might mean something in the future.

; Directives following the section heading [PATH=/www/mysite] only
; apply to PHP files in the /www/mysite directory. Directives
; following the section heading [HOST=www.example.com] only apply to
; PHP files served from www.example.com. Directives set in these
; special sections cannot be overridden by user-defined INI files or
; at runtime. Currently, [PATH=] and [HOST=] sections only work under
; CGI/FastCGI.
; http://php.net/ini.sections

; Directives are specified using the following syntax:
; directive = value
; Directive names are *case sensitive* - foo=bar is different from FOO=bar.
; Directives are variables used to configure PHP or PHP extensions.
; There is no name validation. If PHP can't find an expected
; directive because it is not set or is mistyped, a default value will be used.

; The value can be a string, a number, a PHP constant (e.g. E_ALL or M_PI), one
; of the INI constants (On, Off, True, False, Yes, No and None) or an expression
; (e.g. E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE), a quoted string ("bar"), or a reference to a
; previously set variable or directive (e.g. ${foo})

; Expressions in the INI file are limited to bitwise operators and parentheses:
; | bitwise OR
; ^ bitwise XOR
; & bitwise AND
; ~ bitwise NOT
; ! boolean NOT

; Boolean flags can be turned on using the values 1, On, True or Yes.
; They can be turned off using the values 0, Off, False or No.

; An empty string can be denoted by simply not writing anything after the equal
; sign, or by using the None keyword:

; foo = ; sets foo to an empty string
; foo = None ; sets foo to an empty string
; foo = "None" ; sets foo to the string 'None'

; If you use constants in your value, and these constants belong to a
; dynamically loaded extension (either a PHP extension or a Zend extension),
; you may only use these constants *after* the line that loads the extension.

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; About this file ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; PHP comes packaged with two INI files. One that is recommended to be used
; in production environments and one that is recommended to be used in
; development environments.

; php.ini-production contains settings which hold security, performance and
; best practices at its core. But please be aware, these settings may break
; compatibility with older or less security conscience applications. We
; recommending using the production ini in production and testing environments.

; php.ini-development is very similar to its production variant, except it's
; much more verbose when it comes to errors. We recommending using the
; development version only in development environments as errors shown to
; application users can inadvertently leak otherwise secure information.

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Quick Reference ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; The following are all the settings which are different in either the production
; or development versions of the INIs with respect to PHP's default behavior.
; Please see the actual settings later in the document for more details as to why
; we recommend these changes in PHP's behavior.

; allow_call_time_pass_reference
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off

; display_errors
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off

; display_startup_errors
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off

; error_reporting
; Default Value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
; Development Value: E_ALL | E_STRICT
; Production Value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED

; html_errors
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production value: Off

; log_errors
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: On

; magic_quotes_gpc
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off

; max_input_time
; Default Value: -1 (Unlimited)
; Development Value: 60 (60 seconds)
; Production Value: 60 (60 seconds)

; output_buffering
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: 4096
; Production Value: 4096

; register_argc_argv
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off

; register_long_arrays
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off

; request_order
; Default Value: None
; Development Value: "GP"
; Production Value: "GP"

; session.bug_compat_42
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off

; session.bug_compat_warn
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off

; session.gc_divisor
; Default Value: 100
; Development Value: 1000
; Production Value: 1000

; session.hash_bits_per_character
; Default Value: 4
; Development Value: 5
; Production Value: 5

; short_open_tag
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off

; track_errors
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off

; url_rewriter.tags
; Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset="
; Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"
; Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"

; variables_order
; Default Value: "EGPCS"
; Development Value: "GPCS"
; Production Value: "GPCS"

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; php.ini Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Name for user-defined php.ini (.htaccess) files. Default is ".user.ini"
;user_ini.filename = ".user.ini"

; To disable this feature set this option to empty value
;user_ini.filename =

; TTL for user-defined php.ini files (time-to-live) in seconds. Default is 300 seconds (5 minutes)
;user_ini.cache_ttl = 300

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Language Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Enable the PHP scripting language engine under Apache.
; http://php.net/engine
engine = On

; This directive determines whether or not PHP will recognize code between
; tags as PHP source which should be processed as such. It's been
; recommended for several years that you not use the short tag "short cut" and
; instead to use the full tag combination. With the wide spread use
; of XML and use of these tags by other languages, the server can become easily
; confused and end up parsing the wrong code in the wrong context. But because
; this short cut has been a feature for such a long time, it's currently still
; supported for backwards compatibility, but we recommend you don't use them.
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/short-open-tag
short_open_tag = On

; Allow ASP-style <% %> tags.
; http://php.net/asp-tags
asp_tags = Off

; The number of significant digits displayed in floating point numbers.
; http://php.net/precision
precision = 14

; Enforce year 2000 compliance (will cause problems with non-compliant browsers)
; http://php.net/y2k-compliance
y2k_compliance = On

; Output buffering is a mechanism for controlling how much output data
; (excluding headers and cookies) PHP should keep internally before pushing that
; data to the client. If your application's output exceeds this setting, PHP
; will send that data in chunks of roughly the size you specify.
; Turning on this setting and managing its maximum buffer size can yield some
; interesting side-effects depending on your application and web server.
; You may be able to send headers and cookies after you've already sent output
; through print or echo. You also may see performance benefits if your server is
; emitting less packets due to buffered output versus PHP streaming the output
; as it gets it. On production servers, 4096 bytes is a good setting for performance
; reasons.
; Note: Output buffering can also be controlled via Output Buffering Control
; functions.
; Possible Values:
; On = Enabled and buffer is unlimited. (Use with caution)
; Off = Disabled
; Integer = Enables the buffer and sets its maximum size in bytes.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: 4096
; Production Value: 4096
; http://php.net/output-buffering
output_buffering = 4096

; You can redirect all of the output of your scripts to a function. For
; example, if you set output_handler to "mb_output_handler", character
; encoding will be transparently converted to the specified encoding.
; Setting any output handler automatically turns on output buffering.
; Note: People who wrote portable scripts should not depend on this ini
; directive. Instead, explicitly set the output handler using ob_start().
; Using this ini directive may cause problems unless you know what script
; is doing.
; Note: You cannot use both "mb_output_handler" with "ob_iconv_handler"
; and you cannot use both "ob_gzhandler" and "zlib.output_compression".
; Note: output_handler must be empty if this is set 'On' !!!!
; Instead you must use zlib.output_handler.
; http://php.net/output-handler
;output_handler =

; Transparent output compression using the zlib library
; Valid values for this option are 'off', 'on', or a specific buffer size
; to be used for compression (default is 4KB)
; Note: Resulting chunk size may vary due to nature of compression. PHP
; outputs chunks that are few hundreds bytes each as a result of
; compression. If you prefer a larger chunk size for better
; performance, enable output_buffering in addition.
; Note: You need to use zlib.output_handler instead of the standard
; output_handler, or otherwise the output will be corrupted.
; http://php.net/zlib.output-compression
zlib.output_compression = Off

; http://php.net/zlib.output-compression-level
;zlib.output_compression_level = -1

; You cannot specify additional output handlers if zlib.output_compression
; is activated here. This setting does the same as output_handler but in
; a different order.
; http://php.net/zlib.output-handler
;zlib.output_handler =

; Implicit flush tells PHP to tell the output layer to flush itself
; automatically after every output block. This is equivalent to calling the
; PHP function flush() after each and every call to print() or echo() and each
; and every HTML block. Turning this option on has serious performance
; implications and is generally recommended for debugging purposes only.
; http://php.net/implicit-flush
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to On for the CLI SAPI
implicit_flush = Off

; The unserialize callback function will be called (with the undefined class'
; name as parameter), if the unserializer finds an undefined class
; which should be instantiated. A warning appears if the specified function is
; not defined, or if the function doesn't include/implement the missing class.
; So only set this entry, if you really want to implement such a
; callback-function.
unserialize_callback_func =

; When floats & doubles are serialized store serialize_precision significant
; digits after the floating point. The default value ensures that when floats
; are decoded with unserialize, the data will remain the same.
serialize_precision = 100

; This directive allows you to enable and disable warnings which PHP will issue
; if you pass a value by reference at function call time. Passing values by
; reference at function call time is a deprecated feature which will be removed
; from PHP at some point in the near future. The acceptable method for passing a
; value by reference to a function is by declaring the reference in the functions
; definition, not at call time. This directive does not disable this feature, it
; only determines whether PHP will warn you about it or not. These warnings
; should enabled in development environments only.
; Default Value: On (Suppress warnings)
; Development Value: Off (Issue warnings)
; Production Value: Off (Issue warnings)
; http://php.net/allow-call-time-pass-reference
allow_call_time_pass_reference = Off

; Safe Mode
; http://php.net/safe-mode
safe_mode = Off

; By default, Safe Mode does a UID compare check when
; opening files. If you want to relax this to a GID compare,
; then turn on safe_mode_gid.
; http://php.net/safe-mode-gid
safe_mode_gid = Off

; When safe_mode is on, UID/GID checks are bypassed when
; including files from this directory and its subdirectories.
; (directory must also be in include_path or full path must
; be used when including)
; http://php.net/safe-mode-include-dir
safe_mode_include_dir =

; When safe_mode is on, only executables located in the safe_mode_exec_dir
; will be allowed to be executed via the exec family of functions.
; http://php.net/safe-mode-exec-dir
safe_mode_exec_dir =

; Setting certain environment variables may be a potential security breach.
; This directive contains a comma-delimited list of prefixes. In Safe Mode,
; the user may only alter environment variables whose names begin with the
; prefixes supplied here. By default, users will only be able to set
; environment variables that begin with PHP_ (e.g. PHP_FOO=BAR).
; Note: If this directive is empty, PHP will let the user modify ANY
; environment variable!
; http://php.net/safe-mode-allowed-env-vars
safe_mode_allowed_env_vars = PHP_

; This directive contains a comma-delimited list of environment variables that
; the end user won't be able to change using putenv(). These variables will be
; protected even if safe_mode_allowed_env_vars is set to allow to change them.
; http://php.net/safe-mode-protected-env-vars
safe_mode_protected_env_vars = LD_LIBRARY_PATH

; open_basedir, if set, limits all file operations to the defined directory
; and below. This directive makes most sense if used in a per-directory
; or per-virtualhost web server configuration file. This directive is
; *NOT* affected by whether Safe Mode is turned On or Off.
; http://php.net/open-basedir
;open_basedir =

; This directive allows you to disable certain functions for security reasons.
; It receives a comma-delimited list of function names. This directive is
; *NOT* affected by whether Safe Mode is turned On or Off.
; http://php.net/disable-functions
disable_functions =

; This directive allows you to disable certain classes for security reasons.
; It receives a comma-delimited list of class names. This directive is
; *NOT* affected by whether Safe Mode is turned On or Off.
; http://php.net/disable-classes
disable_classes =

; Colors for Syntax Highlighting mode. Anything that's acceptable in
; would work.
; http://php.net/syntax-highlighting
;highlight.string = #DD0000
;highlight.comment = #FF9900
;highlight.keyword = #007700
;highlight.bg = #FFFFFF
;highlight.default = #0000BB
;highlight.html = #000000

; If enabled, the request will be allowed to complete even if the user aborts
; the request. Consider enabling it if executing long requests, which may end up
; being interrupted by the user or a browser timing out. PHP's default behavior
; is to disable this feature.
; http://php.net/ignore-user-abort
;ignore_user_abort = On

; Determines the size of the realpath cache to be used by PHP. This value should
; be increased on systems where PHP opens many files to reflect the quantity of
; the file operations performed.
; http://php.net/realpath-cache-size
;realpath_cache_size = 16k

; Duration of time, in seconds for which to cache realpath information for a given
; file or directory. For systems with rarely changing files, consider increasing this
; value.
; http://php.net/realpath-cache-ttl
;realpath_cache_ttl = 120

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Miscellaneous ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Decides whether PHP may expose the fact that it is installed on the server
; (e.g. by adding its signature to the Web server header). It is no security
; threat in any way, but it makes it possible to determine whether you use PHP
; on your server or not.
; http://php.net/expose-php
expose_php = On

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Resource Limits ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds
; http://php.net/max-execution-time
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to 0 for the CLI SAPI
max_execution_time = 30

; Maximum amount of time each script may spend parsing request data. It's a good
; idea to limit this time on productions servers in order to eliminate unexpectedly
; long running scripts.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to -1 for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: -1 (Unlimited)
; Development Value: 60 (60 seconds)
; Production Value: 60 (60 seconds)
; http://php.net/max-input-time
max_input_time = 60

; Maximum input variable nesting level
; http://php.net/max-input-nesting-level
;max_input_nesting_level = 64

; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (128MB)
; http://php.net/memory-limit
memory_limit = 128M

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Error handling and logging ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; This directive informs PHP of which errors, warnings and notices you would like
; it to take action for. The recommended way of setting values for this
; directive is through the use of the error level constants and bitwise
; operators. The error level constants are below here for convenience as well as
; some common settings and their meanings.
; By default, PHP is set to take action on all errors, notices and warnings EXCEPT
; those related to E_NOTICE and E_STRICT, which together cover best practices and
; recommended coding standards in PHP. For performance reasons, this is the
; recommend error reporting setting. Your production server shouldn't be wasting
; resources complaining about best practices and coding standards. That's what
; development servers and development settings are for.
; Note: The php.ini-development file has this setting as E_ALL | E_STRICT. This
; means it pretty much reports everything which is exactly what you want during
; development and early testing.
;
; Error Level Constants:
; E_ALL - All errors and warnings (includes E_STRICT as of PHP 6.0.0)
; E_ERROR - fatal run-time errors
; E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR - almost fatal run-time errors
; E_WARNING - run-time warnings (non-fatal errors)
; E_PARSE - compile-time parse errors
; E_NOTICE - run-time notices (these are warnings which often result
; from a bug in your code, but it's possible that it was
; intentional (e.g., using an uninitialized variable and
; relying on the fact it's automatically initialized to an
; empty string)
; E_STRICT - run-time notices, enable to have PHP suggest changes
; to your code which will ensure the best interoperability
; and forward compatibility of your code
; E_CORE_ERROR - fatal errors that occur during PHP's initial startup
; E_CORE_WARNING - warnings (non-fatal errors) that occur during PHP's
; initial startup
; E_COMPILE_ERROR - fatal compile-time errors
; E_COMPILE_WARNING - compile-time warnings (non-fatal errors)
; E_USER_ERROR - user-generated error message
; E_USER_WARNING - user-generated warning message
; E_USER_NOTICE - user-generated notice message
; E_DEPRECATED - warn about code that will not work in future versions
; of PHP
; E_USER_DEPRECATED - user-generated deprecation warnings
;
; Common Values:
; E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE (Show all errors, except for notices and coding standards warnings.)
; E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE | E_STRICT (Show all errors, except for notices)
; E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR (Show only errors)
; E_ALL | E_STRICT (Show all errors, warnings and notices including coding standards.)
; Default Value: E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE
; Development Value: E_ALL | E_STRICT
; Production Value: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED
; http://php.net/error-reporting
;; error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED ;; <== original setting
error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE

; This directive controls whether or not and where PHP will output errors,
; notices and warnings too. Error output is very useful during development, but
; it could be very dangerous in production environments. Depending on the code
; which is triggering the error, sensitive information could potentially leak
; out of your application such as database usernames and passwords or worse.
; It's recommended that errors be logged on production servers rather than
; having the errors sent to STDOUT.
; Possible Values:
; Off = Do not display any errors
; stderr = Display errors to STDERR (affects only CGI/CLI binaries!)
; On or stdout = Display errors to STDOUT
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/display-errors
display_errors = Off

; The display of errors which occur during PHP's startup sequence are handled
; separately from display_errors. PHP's default behavior is to suppress those
; errors from clients. Turning the display of startup errors on can be useful in
; debugging configuration problems. But, it's strongly recommended that you
; leave this setting off on production servers.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/display-startup-errors
display_startup_errors = Off

; Besides displaying errors, PHP can also log errors to locations such as a
; server-specific log, STDERR, or a location specified by the error_log
; directive found below. While errors should not be displayed on productions
; servers they should still be monitored and logging is a great way to do that.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: On
; http://php.net/log-errors
log_errors = On

; Set maximum length of log_errors. In error_log information about the source is
; added. The default is 1024 and 0 allows to not apply any maximum length at all.
; http://php.net/log-errors-max-len
log_errors_max_len = 1024

; Do not log repeated messages. Repeated errors must occur in same file on same
; line unless ignore_repeated_source is set true.
; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-errors
ignore_repeated_errors = Off

; Ignore source of message when ignoring repeated messages. When this setting
; is On you will not log errors with repeated messages from different files or
; source lines.
; http://php.net/ignore-repeated-source
ignore_repeated_source = Off

; If this parameter is set to Off, then memory leaks will not be shown (on
; stdout or in the log). This has only effect in a debug compile, and if
; error reporting includes E_WARNING in the allowed list
; http://php.net/report-memleaks
report_memleaks = On

; This setting is on by default.
;report_zend_debug = 0

; Store the last error/warning message in $php_errormsg (boolean). Setting this value
; to On can assist in debugging and is appropriate for development servers. It should
; however be disabled on production servers.
; Default Value: Off
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/track-errors
track_errors = Off

; Turn off normal error reporting and emit XML-RPC error XML
; http://php.net/xmlrpc-errors
;xmlrpc_errors = 0

; An XML-RPC faultCode
;xmlrpc_error_number = 0

; When PHP displays or logs an error, it has the capability of inserting html
; links to documentation related to that error. This directive controls whether
; those HTML links appear in error messages or not. For performance and security
; reasons, it's recommended you disable this on production servers.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to Off for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production value: Off
; http://php.net/html-errors
html_errors = Off

; If html_errors is set On PHP produces clickable error messages that direct
; to a page describing the error or function causing the error in detail.
; You can download a copy of the PHP manual from http://php.net/docs
; and change docref_root to the base URL of your local copy including the
; leading '/'. You must also specify the file extension being used including
; the dot. PHP's default behavior is to leave these settings empty.
; Note: Never use this feature for production boxes.
; http://php.net/docref-root
; Examples
;docref_root = "/phpmanual/"

; http://php.net/docref-ext
;docref_ext = .html

; String to output before an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave
; this setting blank.
; http://php.net/error-prepend-string
; Example:
;error_prepend_string = ""

; String to output after an error message. PHP's default behavior is to leave
; this setting blank.
; http://php.net/error-append-string
; Example:
;error_append_string = "
"

; Log errors to specified file. PHP's default behavior is to leave this value
; empty.
; http://php.net/error-log
; Example:
;error_log = php_errors.log
; Log errors to syslog (Event Log on NT, not valid in Windows 95).
;error_log = syslog

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Data Handling ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; The separator used in PHP generated URLs to separate arguments.
; PHP's default setting is "&".
; http://php.net/arg-separator.output
; Example:
;arg_separator.output = "&"

; List of separator(s) used by PHP to parse input URLs into variables.
; PHP's default setting is "&".
; NOTE: Every character in this directive is considered as separator!
; http://php.net/arg-separator.input
; Example:
;arg_separator.input = ";&"

; This directive determines which super global arrays are registered when PHP
; starts up. If the register_globals directive is enabled, it also determines
; what order variables are populated into the global space. G,P,C,E & S are
; abbreviations for the following respective super globals: GET, POST, COOKIE,
; ENV and SERVER. There is a performance penalty paid for the registration of
; these arrays and because ENV is not as commonly used as the others, ENV is
; is not recommended on productions servers. You can still get access to
; the environment variables through getenv() should you need to.
; Default Value: "EGPCS"
; Development Value: "GPCS"
; Production Value: "GPCS";
; http://php.net/variables-order
variables_order = "GPCS"

; This directive determines which super global data (G,P,C,E & S) should
; be registered into the super global array REQUEST. If so, it also determines
; the order in which that data is registered. The values for this directive are
; specified in the same manner as the variables_order directive, EXCEPT one.
; Leaving this value empty will cause PHP to use the value set in the
; variables_order directive. It does not mean it will leave the super globals
; array REQUEST empty.
; Default Value: None
; Development Value: "GP"
; Production Value: "GP"
; http://php.net/request-order
request_order = "GP"

; Whether or not to register the EGPCS variables as global variables. You may
; want to turn this off if you don't want to clutter your scripts' global scope
; with user data.
; You should do your best to write your scripts so that they do not require
; register_globals to be on; Using form variables as globals can easily lead
; to possible security problems, if the code is not very well thought of.
; http://php.net/register-globals
register_globals = Off

; Determines whether the deprecated long $HTTP_*_VARS type predefined variables
; are registered by PHP or not. As they are deprecated, we obviously don't
; recommend you use them. They are on by default for compatibility reasons but
; they are not recommended on production servers.
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/register-long-arrays
register_long_arrays = Off

; This directive determines whether PHP registers $argv & $argc each time it
; runs. $argv contains an array of all the arguments passed to PHP when a script
; is invoked. $argc contains an integer representing the number of arguments
; that were passed when the script was invoked. These arrays are extremely
; useful when running scripts from the command line. When this directive is
; enabled, registering these variables consumes CPU cycles and memory each time
; a script is executed. For performance reasons, this feature should be disabled
; on production servers.
; Note: This directive is hardcoded to On for the CLI SAPI
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/register-argc-argv
register_argc_argv = Off

; When enabled, the SERVER and ENV variables are created when they're first
; used (Just In Time) instead of when the script starts. If these variables
; are not used within a script, having this directive on will result in a
; performance gain. The PHP directives register_globals, register_long_arrays,
; and register_argc_argv must be disabled for this directive to have any affect.
; http://php.net/auto-globals-jit
auto_globals_jit = On

; Maximum size of POST data that PHP will accept.
; http://php.net/post-max-size
post_max_size = 8M

; Magic quotes are a preprocessing feature of PHP where PHP will attempt to
; escape any character sequences in GET, POST, COOKIE and ENV data which might
; otherwise corrupt data being placed in resources such as databases before
; making that data available to you. Because of character encoding issues and
; non-standard SQL implementations across many databases, it's not currently
; possible for this feature to be 100% accurate. PHP's default behavior is to
; enable the feature. We strongly recommend you use the escaping mechanisms
; designed specifically for the database your using instead of relying on this
; feature. Also note, this feature has been deprecated as of PHP 5.3.0 and is
; scheduled for removal in PHP 6.
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: Off
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/magic-quotes-gpc
magic_quotes_gpc = Off

; Magic quotes for runtime-generated data, e.g. data from SQL, from exec(), etc.
; http://php.net/magic-quotes-runtime
magic_quotes_runtime = Off

; Use Sybase-style magic quotes (escape ' with '' instead of \').
; http://php.net/magic-quotes-sybase
magic_quotes_sybase = Off

; Automatically add files before PHP document.
; http://php.net/auto-prepend-file
auto_prepend_file =

; Automatically add files after PHP document.
; http://php.net/auto-append-file
auto_append_file =

; By default, PHP will output a character encoding using
; the Content-type: header. To disable sending of the charset, simply
; set it to be empty.
;
; PHP's built-in default is text/html
; http://php.net/default-mimetype
default_mimetype = "text/html"

; PHP's default character set is set to empty.
; http://php.net/default-charset
;default_charset = "iso-8859-1"

; Always populate the $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA variable. PHP's default behavior is
; to disable this feature.
; http://php.net/always-populate-raw-post-data
;always_populate_raw_post_data = On

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Paths and Directories ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; UNIX: "/path1:/path2"
;include_path = ".:/usr/share/php"
;
; Windows: "\path1;\path2"
;include_path = ".;c:\php\includes"
;
; PHP's default setting for include_path is ".;/path/to/php/pear"
; http://php.net/include-path

; The root of the PHP pages, used only if nonempty.
; if PHP was not compiled with FORCE_REDIRECT, you SHOULD set doc_root
; if you are running php as a CGI under any web server (other than IIS)
; see documentation for security issues. The alternate is to use the
; cgi.force_redirect configuration below
; http://php.net/doc-root
doc_root =

; The directory under which PHP opens the script using /~username used only
; if nonempty.
; http://php.net/user-dir
user_dir =

; Directory in which the loadable extensions (modules) reside.
; http://php.net/extension-dir
; extension_dir = "./"
; On windows:
; extension_dir = "ext"

; Whether or not to enable the dl() function. The dl() function does NOT work
; properly in multithreaded servers, such as IIS or Zeus, and is automatically
; disabled on them.
; http://php.net/enable-dl
enable_dl = Off

; cgi.force_redirect is necessary to provide security running PHP as a CGI under
; most web servers. Left undefined, PHP turns this on by default. You can
; turn it off here AT YOUR OWN RISK
; **You CAN safely turn this off for IIS, in fact, you MUST.**
; http://php.net/cgi.force-redirect
;cgi.force_redirect = 1

; if cgi.nph is enabled it will force cgi to always sent Status: 200 with
; every request. PHP's default behavior is to disable this feature.
;cgi.nph = 1

; if cgi.force_redirect is turned on, and you are not running under Apache or Netscape
; (iPlanet) web servers, you MAY need to set an environment variable name that PHP
; will look for to know it is OK to continue execution. Setting this variable MAY
; cause security issues, KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING FIRST.
; http://php.net/cgi.redirect-status-env
;cgi.redirect_status_env = ;

; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides *real* PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI. PHP's
; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok
; what PATH_INFO is. For more information on PATH_INFO, see the cgi specs. Setting
; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec. A setting
; of zero causes PHP to behave as before. Default is 1. You should fix your scripts
; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED.
; http://php.net/cgi.fix-pathinfo
;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

; FastCGI under IIS (on WINNT based OS) supports the ability to impersonate
; security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS to define the
; security context that the request runs under. mod_fastcgi under Apache
; does not currently support this feature (03/17/2002)
; Set to 1 if running under IIS. Default is zero.
; http://php.net/fastcgi.impersonate
;fastcgi.impersonate = 1;

; Disable logging through FastCGI connection. PHP's default behavior is to enable
; this feature.
;fastcgi.logging = 0

; cgi.rfc2616_headers configuration option tells PHP what type of headers to
; use when sending HTTP response code. If it's set 0 PHP sends Status: header that
; is supported by Apache. When this option is set to 1 PHP will send
; RFC2616 compliant header.
; Default is zero.
; http://php.net/cgi.rfc2616-headers
;cgi.rfc2616_headers = 0

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; File Uploads ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Whether to allow HTTP file uploads.
; http://php.net/file-uploads
file_uploads = On

; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files (will use system default if not
; specified).
; http://php.net/upload-tmp-dir
;upload_tmp_dir =

; Maximum allowed size for uploaded files.
; http://php.net/upload-max-filesize
upload_max_filesize = 2M

; Maximum number of files that can be uploaded via a single request
max_file_uploads = 20

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Fopen wrappers ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Whether to allow the treatment of URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files.
; http://php.net/allow-url-fopen
allow_url_fopen = On

; Whether to allow include/require to open URLs (like http:// or ftp://) as files.
; http://php.net/allow-url-include
allow_url_include = Off

; Define the anonymous ftp password (your email address). PHP's default setting
; for this is empty.
; http://php.net/from
;from="[email protected]"

; Define the User-Agent string. PHP's default setting for this is empty.
; http://php.net/user-agent
;user_agent="PHP"

; Default timeout for socket based streams (seconds)
; http://php.net/default-socket-timeout
default_socket_timeout = 60

; If your scripts have to deal with files from Macintosh systems,
; or you are running on a Mac and need to deal with files from
; unix or win32 systems, setting this flag will cause PHP to
; automatically detect the EOL character in those files so that
; fgets() and file() will work regardless of the source of the file.
; http://php.net/auto-detect-line-endings
;auto_detect_line_endings = Off

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Dynamic Extensions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; If you wish to have an extension loaded automatically, use the following
; syntax:
;
; extension=modulename.extension
;
; For example, on Windows:
;
; extension=msql.dll
;
; ... or under UNIX:
;
; extension=msql.so
;
; ... or with a path:
;
; extension=/path/to/extension/msql.so
;
; If you only provide the name of the extension, PHP will look for it in its
; default extension directory.
;

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Module Settings ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

[Date]
; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
; http://php.net/date.timezone
;date.timezone =

; http://php.net/date.default-latitude
;date.default_latitude = 31.7667

; http://php.net/date.default-longitude
;date.default_longitude = 35.2333

; http://php.net/date.sunrise-zenith
;date.sunrise_zenith = 90.583333

; http://php.net/date.sunset-zenith
;date.sunset_zenith = 90.583333

[filter]
; http://php.net/filter.default
;filter.default = unsafe_raw

; http://php.net/filter.default-flags
;filter.default_flags =

[iconv]
;iconv.input_encoding = ISO-8859-1
;iconv.internal_encoding = ISO-8859-1
;iconv.output_encoding = ISO-8859-1

[intl]
;intl.default_locale =
; This directive allows you to produce PHP errors when some error
; happens within intl functions. The value is the level of the error produced.
; Default is 0, which does not produce any errors.
;intl.error_level = E_WARNING

[sqlite]
; http://php.net/sqlite.assoc-case
;sqlite.assoc_case = 0

[sqlite3]
;sqlite3.extension_dir =

[Pcre]
;PCRE library backtracking limit.
; http://php.net/pcre.backtrack-limit
;pcre.backtrack_limit=100000

;PCRE library recursion limit.
;Please note that if you set this value to a high number you may consume all
;the available process stack and eventually crash PHP (due to reaching the
;stack size limit imposed by the Operating System).
; http://php.net/pcre.recursion-limit
;pcre.recursion_limit=100000

[Pdo]
; Whether to pool ODBC connections. Can be one of "strict", "relaxed" or "off"
; http://php.net/pdo-odbc.connection-pooling
;pdo_odbc.connection_pooling=strict

;pdo_odbc.db2_instance_name

[Pdo_mysql]
; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache
; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.cache_size
pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000

; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in
; MySQL defaults.
; http://php.net/pdo_mysql.default-socket
pdo_mysql.default_socket=

[Phar]
; http://php.net/phar.readonly
;phar.readonly = On

; http://php.net/phar.require-hash
;phar.require_hash = On

;phar.cache_list =

[Syslog]
; Whether or not to define the various syslog variables (e.g. $LOG_PID,
; $LOG_CRON, etc.). Turning it off is a good idea performance-wise. In
; runtime, you can define these variables by calling define_syslog_variables().
; http://php.net/define-syslog-variables
define_syslog_variables = Off

[mail function]
; For Win32 only.
; http://php.net/smtp
SMTP = localhost
; http://php.net/smtp-port
smtp_port = 25

; For Win32 only.
; http://php.net/sendmail-from
;sendmail_from = [email protected]

; For Unix only. You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i").
; http://php.net/sendmail-path
;sendmail_path =

; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters
; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of
; the 5th parameter to mail(), even in safe mode.
;mail.force_extra_parameters =

; Add X-PHP-Originating-Script: that will include uid of the script followed by the filename
mail.add_x_header = On

; Log all mail() calls including the full path of the script, line #, to address and headers
;mail.log =

[SQL]
; http://php.net/sql.safe-mode
sql.safe_mode = Off

[ODBC]
; http://php.net/odbc.default-db
;odbc.default_db = Not yet implemented

; http://php.net/odbc.default-user
;odbc.default_user = Not yet implemented

; http://php.net/odbc.default-pw
;odbc.default_pw = Not yet implemented

; Controls the ODBC cursor model.
; Default: SQL_CURSOR_STATIC (default).
;odbc.default_cursortype

; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/odbc.allow-persistent
odbc.allow_persistent = On

; Check that a connection is still valid before reuse.
; http://php.net/odbc.check-persistent
odbc.check_persistent = On

; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/odbc.max-persistent
odbc.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/odbc.max-links
odbc.max_links = -1

; Handling of LONG fields. Returns number of bytes to variables. 0 means
; passthru.
; http://php.net/odbc.defaultlrl
odbc.defaultlrl = 4096

; Handling of binary data. 0 means passthru, 1 return as is, 2 convert to char.
; See the documentation on odbc_binmode and odbc_longreadlen for an explanation
; of odbc.defaultlrl and odbc.defaultbinmode
; http://php.net/odbc.defaultbinmode
odbc.defaultbinmode = 1

;birdstep.max_links = -1

[Interbase]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
ibase.allow_persistent = 1

; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit.
ibase.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit.
ibase.max_links = -1

; Default database name for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_db =

; Default username for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_user =

; Default password for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_password =

; Default charset for ibase_connect().
;ibase.default_charset =

; Default timestamp format.
ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"

; Default date format.
ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"

; Default time format.
ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"

[MySQL]
; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements
; http://php.net/mysql.allow_local_infile
mysql.allow_local_infile = On

; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/mysql.allow-persistent
mysql.allow_persistent = On

; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache
; http://php.net/mysql.cache_size
mysql.cache_size = 2000

; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysql.max-persistent
mysql.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysql.max-links
mysql.max_links = -1

; Default port number for mysql_connect(). If unset, mysql_connect() will use
; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the
; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order). Win32 will only look
; at MYSQL_PORT.
; http://php.net/mysql.default-port
mysql.default_port =

; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in
; MySQL defaults.
; http://php.net/mysql.default-socket
mysql.default_socket =

; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysql.default-host
mysql.default_host =

; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysql.default-user
mysql.default_user =

; Default password for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file.
; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysql.default_password")
; and reveal this password! And of course, any users with read access to this
; file will be able to reveal the password as well.
; http://php.net/mysql.default-password
mysql.default_password =

; Maximum time (in seconds) for connect timeout. -1 means no limit
; http://php.net/mysql.connect-timeout
mysql.connect_timeout = 60

; Trace mode. When trace_mode is active (=On), warnings for table/index scans and
; SQL-Errors will be displayed.
; http://php.net/mysql.trace-mode
mysql.trace_mode = Off

[MySQLi]

; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysqli.max-persistent
mysqli.max_persistent = -1

; Allow accessing, from PHP's perspective, local files with LOAD DATA statements
; http://php.net/mysqli.allow_local_infile
;mysqli.allow_local_infile = On

; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/mysqli.allow-persistent
mysqli.allow_persistent = On

; Maximum number of links. -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/mysqli.max-links
mysqli.max_links = -1

; If mysqlnd is used: Number of cache slots for the internal result set cache
; http://php.net/mysqli.cache_size
mysqli.cache_size = 2000

; Default port number for mysqli_connect(). If unset, mysqli_connect() will use
; the $MYSQL_TCP_PORT or the mysql-tcp entry in /etc/services or the
; compile-time value defined MYSQL_PORT (in that order). Win32 will only look
; at MYSQL_PORT.
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-port
mysqli.default_port = 3306

; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in
; MySQL defaults.
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-socket
mysqli.default_socket =

; Default host for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-host
mysqli.default_host =

; Default user for mysql_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-user
mysqli.default_user =

; Default password for mysqli_connect() (doesn't apply in safe mode).
; Note that this is generally a *bad* idea to store passwords in this file.
; *Any* user with PHP access can run 'echo get_cfg_var("mysqli.default_pw")
; and reveal this password! And of course, any users with read access to this
; file will be able to reveal the password as well.
; http://php.net/mysqli.default-pw
mysqli.default_pw =

; Allow or prevent reconnect
mysqli.reconnect = Off

[mysqlnd]
; Enable / Disable collection of general statstics by mysqlnd which can be
; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_statistics
mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On

; Enable / Disable collection of memory usage statstics by mysqlnd which can be
; used to tune and monitor MySQL operations.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics
mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off

; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used when sending commands to MySQL in bytes.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size
;mysqlnd.net_cmd_buffer_size = 2048

; Size of a pre-allocated buffer used for reading data sent by the server in
; bytes.
; http://php.net/mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size
;mysqlnd.net_read_buffer_size = 32768

[OCI8]

; Connection: Enables privileged connections using external
; credentials (OCI_SYSOPER, OCI_SYSDBA)
; http://php.net/oci8.privileged-connect
;oci8.privileged_connect = Off

; Connection: The maximum number of persistent OCI8 connections per
; process. Using -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/oci8.max-persistent
;oci8.max_persistent = -1

; Connection: The maximum number of seconds a process is allowed to
; maintain an idle persistent connection. Using -1 means idle
; persistent connections will be maintained forever.
; http://php.net/oci8.persistent-timeout
;oci8.persistent_timeout = -1

; Connection: The number of seconds that must pass before issuing a
; ping during oci_pconnect() to check the connection validity. When
; set to 0, each oci_pconnect() will cause a ping. Using -1 disables
; pings completely.
; http://php.net/oci8.ping-interval
;oci8.ping_interval = 60

; Connection: Set this to a user chosen connection class to be used
; for all pooled server requests with Oracle 11g Database Resident
; Connection Pooling (DRCP). To use DRCP, this value should be set to
; the same string for all web servers running the same application,
; the database pool must be configured, and the connection string must
; specify to use a pooled server.
;oci8.connection_class =

; High Availability: Using On lets PHP receive Fast Application
; Notification (FAN) events generated when a database node fails. The
; database must also be configured to post FAN events.
;oci8.events = Off

; Tuning: This option enables statement caching, and specifies how
; many statements to cache. Using 0 disables statement caching.
; http://php.net/oci8.statement-cache-size
;oci8.statement_cache_size = 20

; Tuning: Enables statement prefetching and sets the default number of
; rows that will be fetched automatically after statement execution.
; http://php.net/oci8.default-prefetch
;oci8.default_prefetch = 100

; Compatibility. Using On means oci_close() will not close
; oci_connect() and oci_new_connect() connections.
; http://php.net/oci8.old-oci-close-semantics
;oci8.old_oci_close_semantics = Off

[PostgresSQL]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/pgsql.allow-persistent
pgsql.allow_persistent = On

; Detect broken persistent links always with pg_pconnect().
; Auto reset feature requires a little overheads.
; http://php.net/pgsql.auto-reset-persistent
pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off

; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/pgsql.max-persistent
pgsql.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent). -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/pgsql.max-links
pgsql.max_links = -1

; Ignore PostgreSQL backends Notice message or not.
; Notice message logging require a little overheads.
; http://php.net/pgsql.ignore-notice
pgsql.ignore_notice = 0

; Log PostgreSQL backends Noitce message or not.
; Unless pgsql.ignore_notice=0, module cannot log notice message.
; http://php.net/pgsql.log-notice
pgsql.log_notice = 0

[Sybase-CT]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
; http://php.net/sybct.allow-persistent
sybct.allow_persistent = On

; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/sybct.max-persistent
sybct.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent + non-persistent). -1 means no limit.
; http://php.net/sybct.max-links
sybct.max_links = -1

; Minimum server message severity to display.
; http://php.net/sybct.min-server-severity
sybct.min_server_severity = 10

; Minimum client message severity to display.
; http://php.net/sybct.min-client-severity
sybct.min_client_severity = 10

; Set per-context timeout
; http://php.net/sybct.timeout
;sybct.timeout=

;sybct.packet_size

; The maximum time in seconds to wait for a connection attempt to succeed before returning failure.
; Default: one minute
;sybct.login_timeout=

; The name of the host you claim to be connecting from, for display by sp_who.
; Default: none
;sybct.hostname=

; Allows you to define how often deadlocks are to be retried. -1 means "forever".
; Default: 0
;sybct.deadlock_retry_count=

[bcmath]
; Number of decimal digits for all bcmath functions.
; http://php.net/bcmath.scale
bcmath.scale = 0

[browscap]
; http://php.net/browscap
;browscap = extra/browscap.ini

[Session]
; Handler used to store/retrieve data.
; http://php.net/session.save-handler
session.save_handler = files

; Argument passed to save_handler. In the case of files, this is the path
; where data files are stored. Note: Windows users have to change this
; variable in order to use PHP's session functions.
;
; The path can be defined as:
;
; session.save_path = "N;/path"
;
; where N is an integer. Instead of storing all the session files in
; /path, what this will do is use subdirectories N-levels deep, and
; store the session data in those directories. This is useful if you
; or your OS have problems with lots of files in one directory, and is
; a more efficient layout for servers that handle lots of sessions.
;
; NOTE 1: PHP will not create this directory structure automatically.
; You can use the script in the ext/session dir for that purpose.
; NOTE 2: See the section on garbage collection below if you choose to
; use subdirectories for session storage
;
; The file storage module creates files using mode 600 by default.
; You can change that by using
;
; session.save_path = "N;MODE;/path"
;
; where MODE is the octal representation of the mode. Note that this
; does not overwrite the process's umask.
; http://php.net/session.save-path
;session.save_path = "/tmp"

; Whether to use cookies.
; http://php.net/session.use-cookies
session.use_cookies = 1

; http://php.net/session.cookie-secure
;session.cookie_secure =

; This option forces PHP to fetch and use a cookie for storing and maintaining
; the session id. We encourage this operation as it's very helpful in combatting
; session hijacking when not specifying and managing your own session id. It is
; not the end all be all of session hijacking defense, but it's a good start.
; http://php.net/session.use-only-cookies
session.use_only_cookies = 1

; Name of the session (used as cookie name).
; http://php.net/session.name
session.name = PHPSESSID

; Initialize session on request startup.
; http://php.net/session.auto-start
session.auto_start = 0

; Lifetime in seconds of cookie or, if 0, until browser is restarted.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-lifetime
session.cookie_lifetime = 0

; The path for which the cookie is valid.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-path
session.cookie_path = /

; The domain for which the cookie is valid.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-domain
session.cookie_domain =

; Whether or not to add the httpOnly flag to the cookie, which makes it inaccessible to browser scripting languages such as JavaScript.
; http://php.net/session.cookie-httponly
session.cookie_httponly =

; Handler used to serialize data. php is the standard serializer of PHP.
; http://php.net/session.serialize-handler
session.serialize_handler = php

; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started
; on every session initialization. The probability is calculated by using
; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator
; and gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1
; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance
; the gc will run on any give request.
; Default Value: 1
; Development Value: 1
; Production Value: 1
; http://php.net/session.gc-probability
session.gc_probability = 1

; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started on every
; session initialization. The probability is calculated by using the following equation:
; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator and
; session.gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1
; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance
; the gc will run on any give request. Increasing this value to 1000 will give you
; a 0.1% chance the gc will run on any give request. For high volume production servers,
; this is a more efficient approach.
; Default Value: 100
; Development Value: 1000
; Production Value: 1000
; http://php.net/session.gc-divisor
session.gc_divisor = 1000

; After this number of seconds, stored data will be seen as 'garbage' and
; cleaned up by the garbage collection process.
; http://php.net/session.gc-maxlifetime
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440

; NOTE: If you are using the subdirectory option for storing session files
; (see session.save_path above), then garbage collection does *not*
; happen automatically. You will need to do your own garbage
; collection through a shell script, cron entry, or some other method.
; For example, the following script would is the equivalent of
; setting session.gc_maxlifetime to 1440 (1440 seconds = 24 minutes):
; cd /path/to/sessions; find -cmin +24 | xargs rm

; PHP 4.2 and less have an undocumented feature/bug that allows you to
; to initialize a session variable in the global scope, even when register_globals
; is disabled. PHP 4.3 and later will warn you, if this feature is used.
; You can disable the feature and the warning separately. At this time,
; the warning is only displayed, if bug_compat_42 is enabled. This feature
; introduces some serious security problems if not handled correctly. It's
; recommended that you do not use this feature on production servers. But you
; should enable this on development servers and enable the warning as well. If you
; do not enable the feature on development servers, you won't be warned when it's
; used and debugging errors caused by this can be difficult to track down.
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/session.bug-compat-42
session.bug_compat_42 = Off

; This setting controls whether or not you are warned by PHP when initializing a
; session value into the global space. session.bug_compat_42 must be enabled before
; these warnings can be issued by PHP. See the directive above for more information.
; Default Value: On
; Development Value: On
; Production Value: Off
; http://php.net/session.bug-compat-warn
session.bug_compat_warn = Off

; Check HTTP Referer to invalidate externally stored URLs containing ids.
; HTTP_REFERER has to contain this substring for the session to be
; considered as valid.
; http://php.net/session.referer-check
session.referer_check =

; How many bytes to read from the file.
; http://php.net/session.entropy-length
session.entropy_length = 0

; Specified here to create the session id.
; http://php.net/session.entropy-file
;session.entropy_file = /dev/urandom
session.entropy_file =

; http://php.net/session.entropy-length
;session.entropy_length = 16

; Set to {nocache,private,public,} to determine HTTP caching aspects
; or leave this empty to avoid sending anti-caching headers.
; http://php.net/session.cache-limiter
session.cache_limiter = nocache

; Document expires after n minutes.
; http://php.net/session.cache-expire
session.cache_expire = 180

; trans sid support is disabled by default.
; Use of trans sid may risk your users security.
; Use this option with caution.
; - User may send URL contains active session ID
; to other person via. email/irc/etc.
; - URL that contains active session ID may be stored
; in publically accessible computer.
; - User may access your site with the same session ID
; always using URL stored in browser's history or bookmarks.
; http://php.net/session.use-trans-sid
session.use_trans_sid = 0

; Select a hash function for use in generating session ids.
; Possible Values
; 0 (MD5 128 bits)
; 1 (SHA-1 160 bits)
; This option may also be set to the name of any hash function supported by
; the hash extension. A list of available hashes is returned by the hash_alogs()
; function.
; http://php.net/session.hash-function
session.hash_function = 0

; Define how many bits are stored in each character when converting
; the binary hash data to something readable.
; Possible values:
; 4 (4 bits: 0-9, a-f)
; 5 (5 bits: 0-9, a-v)
; 6 (6 bits: 0-9, a-z, A-Z, "-", ",")
; Default Value: 4
; Development Value: 5
; Production Value: 5
; http://php.net/session.hash-bits-per-character
session.hash_bits_per_character = 5

; The URL rewriter will look for URLs in a defined set of HTML tags.
; form/fieldset are special; if you include them here, the rewriter will
; add a hidden field with the info which is otherwise appended
; to URLs. If you want XHTML conformity, remove the form entry.
; Note that all valid entries require a "=", even if no value follows.
; Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset="
; Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"
; Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"
; http://php.net/url-rewriter.tags
url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"

[MSSQL]
; Allow or prevent persistent links.
mssql.allow_persistent = On

; Maximum number of persistent links. -1 means no limit.
mssql.max_persistent = -1

; Maximum number of links (persistent+non persistent). -1 means no limit.
mssql.max_links = -1

; Minimum error severity to display.
mssql.min_error_severity = 10

; Minimum message severity to display.
mssql.min_message_severity = 10

; Compatibility mode with old versions of PHP 3.0.
mssql.compatability_mode = Off

; Connect timeout
;mssql.connect_timeout = 5

; Query timeout
;mssql.timeout = 60

; Valid range 0 - 2147483647. Default = 4096.
;mssql.textlimit = 4096

; Valid range 0 - 2147483647. Default = 4096.
;mssql.textsize = 4096

; Limits the number of records in each batch. 0 = all records in one batch.
;mssql.batchsize = 0

; Specify how datetime and datetim4 columns are returned
; On => Returns data converted to SQL server settings
; Off => Returns values as YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
;mssql.datetimeconvert = On

; Use NT authentication when connecting to the server
mssql.secure_connection = Off

; Specify max number of processes. -1 = library default
; msdlib defaults to 25
; FreeTDS defaults to 4096
;mssql.max_procs = -1

; Specify client character set.
; If empty or not set the client charset from freetds.comf is used
; This is only used when compiled with FreeTDS
;mssql.charset = "ISO-8859-1"

[Assertion]
; Assert(expr); active by default.
; http://php.net/assert.active
;assert.active = On

; Issue a PHP warning for each failed assertion.
; http://php.net/assert.warning
;assert.warning = On

; Don't bail out by default.
; http://php.net/assert.bail
;assert.bail = Off

; User-function to be called if an assertion fails.
; http://php.net/assert.callback
;assert.callback = 0

; Eval the expression with current error_reporting(). Set to true if you want
; error_reporting(0) around the eval().
; http://php.net/assert.quiet-eval
;assert.quiet_eval = 0

[COM]
; path to a file containing GUIDs, IIDs or filenames of files with TypeLibs
; http://php.net/com.typelib-file
;com.typelib_file =

; allow Distributed-COM calls
; http://php.net/com.allow-dcom
;com.allow_dcom = true

; autoregister constants of a components typlib on com_load()
; http://php.net/com.autoregister-typelib
;com.autoregister_typelib = true

; register constants casesensitive
; http://php.net/com.autoregister-casesensitive
;com.autoregister_casesensitive = false

; show warnings on duplicate constant registrations
; http://php.net/com.autoregister-verbose
;com.autoregister_verbose = true

; The default character set code-page to use when passing strings to and from COM objects.
; Default: system ANSI code page
;com.code_page=

[mbstring]
; language for internal character representation.
; http://php.net/mbstring.language
;mbstring.language = Japanese

; internal/script encoding.
; Some encoding cannot work as internal encoding.
; (e.g. SJIS, BIG5, ISO-2022-*)
; http://php.net/mbstring.internal-encoding
;mbstring.internal_encoding = EUC-JP

; http input encoding.
; http://php.net/mbstring.http-input
;mbstring.http_input = auto

; http output encoding. mb_output_handler must be
; registered as output buffer to function
; http://php.net/mbstring.http-output
;mbstring.http_output = SJIS

; enable automatic encoding translation according to
; mbstring.internal_encoding setting. Input chars are
; converted to internal encoding by setting this to On.
; Note: Do _not_ use automatic encoding translation for
; portable libs/applications.
; http://php.net/mbstring.encoding-translation
;mbstring.encoding_translation = Off

; automatic encoding detection order.
; auto means
; http://php.net/mbstring.detect-order
;mbstring.detect_order = auto

; substitute_character used when character cannot be converted
; one from another
; http://php.net/mbstring.substitute-character
;mbstring.substitute_character = none;

; overload(replace) single byte functions by mbstring functions.
; mail(), ereg(), etc are overloaded by mb_send_mail(), mb_ereg(),
; etc. Possible values are 0,1,2,4 or combination of them.
; For example, 7 for overload everything.
; 0: No overload
; 1: Overload mail() function
; 2: Overload str*() functions
; 4: Overload ereg*() functions
; http://php.net/mbstring.func-overload
;mbstring.func_overload = 0

; enable strict encoding detection.
;mbstring.strict_detection = Off

; This directive specifies the regex pattern of content types for which mb_output_handler()
; is activated.
; Default: mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype=^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)
;mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetype=

; Allows to set script encoding. Only affects if PHP is compiled with --enable-zend-multibyte
; Default: ""
;mbstring.script_encoding=

[gd]
; Tell the jpeg decode to ignore warnings and try to create
; a gd image. The warning will then be displayed as notices
; disabled by default
; http://php.net/gd.jpeg-ignore-warning
;gd.jpeg_ignore_warning = 0

[exif]
; Exif UNICODE user comments are handled as UCS-2BE/UCS-2LE and JIS as JIS.
; With mbstring support this will automatically be converted into the encoding
; given by corresponding encode setting. When empty mbstring.internal_encoding
; is used. For the decode settings you can distinguish between motorola and
; intel byte order. A decode setting cannot be empty.
; http://php.net/exif.encode-unicode
;exif.encode_unicode = ISO-8859-15

; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-motorola
;exif.decode_unicode_motorola = UCS-2BE

; http://php.net/exif.decode-unicode-intel
;exif.decode_unicode_intel = UCS-2LE

; http://php.net/exif.encode-jis
;exif.encode_jis =

; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-motorola
;exif.decode_jis_motorola = JIS

; http://php.net/exif.decode-jis-intel
;exif.decode_jis_intel = JIS

[Tidy]
; The path to a default tidy configuration file to use when using tidy
; http://php.net/tidy.default-config
;tidy.default_config = /usr/local/lib/php/default.tcfg

; Should tidy clean and repair output automatically?
; WARNING: Do not use this option if you are generating non-html content
; such as dynamic images
; http://php.net/tidy.clean-output
tidy.clean_output = Off

[soap]
; Enables or disables WSDL caching feature.
; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-enabled
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1

; Sets the directory name where SOAP extension will put cache files.
; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-dir
soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"

; (time to live) Sets the number of second while cached file will be used
; instead of original one.
; http://php.net/soap.wsdl-cache-ttl
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400

; Sets the size of the cache limit. (Max. number of WSDL files to cache)
soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5

[sysvshm]
; A default size of the shared memory segment
;sysvshm.init_mem = 10000

[ldap]
; Sets the maximum number of open links or -1 for unlimited.
ldap.max_links = -1

[mcrypt]
; For more information about mcrypt settings see http://php.net/mcrypt-module-open

; Directory where to load mcrypt algorithms
; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt)
;mcrypt.algorithms_dir=

; Directory where to load mcrypt modes
; Default: Compiled in into libmcrypt (usually /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt)
;mcrypt.modes_dir=

[dba]
;dba.default_handler=

; Local Variables:
; tab-width: 4
; End:
In order to make the best sense of this file, be sure to consult our discussion on PHP configuration. In order to setup a LAMP server, you will additionally need to install Apache to serve web pages and ensure you have configured your MySQL database accordingly.

PHP Tutorials:

Install PHP Basic PHP Configuration PHP Configuration In-Depth
Learn PHP PHP in HTML PHP Keywords
PHP Expressions PHP Variables PHP Constants
Defined Constants Constants Characteristics PHP Datatypes
PHP Syntax Basics PHP Loops








A Brief History of Linux
The Linux kernel is the basic programming foundation for the entire Ubuntu operating system. Here is how it started and why it is called GNU/Linux.
Ubuntu's African Roots
Ubuntu comes from an African word that suggests humanity and community.
Ubuntu, Comparatively Speaking
Ubuntu compares well against any operating system in use today, including Windows, Mac, and other Linux versions.
Get Ubuntu Linux: Download, Request, or Order Ubuntu
Ubuntu can be downloaded or ordered and is available in a couple of versions: 6.06 (Dapper Drake) and 7.04 (Feisty Fawn). Which you use depends on the software you need. This page shows you from where you can download, request, or buy Ubuntu.
Ubuntu vs Windows Vista
Ubuntu had many Windows Vista features almost a year before Microsoft released it. Here is how Ubuntu compares to Windows Vista.
Windows Vista vs Mac OS X
Windows Vista looks curiously like Mac OS X. NY Times' David Pogue says there is no connection.
How to Install Ubuntu Linux (6.06 LTS)
Ubuntu is the easiest Linux version to install. Here is a guide to installing Ubuntu Linux painlessly.
Updating Ubuntu: How to Update a New Installation of Ubuntu Linux - 2
Ubuntu Linux checks for updates by default. If you need to update your installation of Ubuntu for the first time, here is how to do it.
Resizing a Windows Installation
Resizing a Windows installation is easy with the Ubuntu installer. Installing Ubuntu in parallel to a Windows installation is called 'dual booting' and is a good idea. Here is how to do it.
A Brief History of Ubuntu
Ubuntu's history started with Debian GNU/Linux but has since outgrown it. Here is a brief look at Ubuntu's past and how things stand today.
Adding Ubuntu Software and Other Linux Software to Ubuntu
Adding Ubuntu software, non-Ubuntu Linux software, or even proprietary software to your new installation is easy with Synaptic. Here's how.
Adding Ubuntu Repositories
Adding Ubuntu repositories to download more Linux software is not very complicated. It is a simple matter of telling Ubuntu where to find more software.
Additional Ubuntu Repositories
Ubuntu software is available in more repositories than the default Ubuntu installation gives you. Here is a listing of more Ubuntu repositories for your software needs.
How to Install Ubuntu Linux 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)
Ubuntu Feisty was released in April 2007. It is the easiest Ubuntu to install yet. Here is how the installation of Ubuntu Feisty is different from 6.06 LTS.
Booting Windows Instead of Ubuntu by Default
Grub boots Ubuntu by default. But if you want to make Windows your default operating system without losing Ubuntu, all you need do is change a number in Grub's configuration file. Here is how.
Setting Grub Timeout When Dual Booting Ubuntu
Grub's menu is hidden by default. Making it visible at startup is a matter of editing grub's configuration file. Here is how.
Dual Boot Ubuntu With Windows
Dual booting Ubuntu with Windows or another operating system is not particularly difficult. This guide shows you how to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows.
Make Grub's Menu Visible At Startup
Grub's menu is hidden by default. Making it visible at startup is a matter of editing grub's configuration file. Here is how.
Parts of the Ubuntu Desktop: Top Left
Ubuntu uses GNOME as a default desktop. Here are the top left parts of the Ubuntu desktop and what each does.
Parts of the Ubuntu Desktop: Top Right
Ubuntu uses GNOME as a default desktop. Here are the top right parts of the Ubuntu desktop and what each does.
Parts of the Ubuntu Desktop: Bottom Components
Ubuntu uses GNOME as a default desktop. Here are the bottom parts of the Ubuntu desktop and what each does.
A Primer for Installing Ubuntu
Installing Ubuntu should be as easy as possible, and the best guides for this are provided here at Easy Ubuntu Linux. But all the online resources in the world do not help you offline. For this reason, we are providing this PDF primer to help you install Ubuntu.
Setup Your E-mail On Ubuntu: Part 1
Sending e-mail under Linux is easy. Here is how to setup your email identity under Ubuntu Linux.
Receiving E-mail
Sending e-mail under Linux is easy. Here is how to receive email under Ubuntu Linux.
Sending E-mail On Ubuntu
Sending e-mail under Linux is simple. Here is how to setup Evolution to send email under Ubuntu Linux.
Office Suites for Ubuntu
Choosing an office suite for your Ubuntu installation is like choosing the first among equals. Here is a comparison of the best office suites available for Ubuntu Linux.
Upgrading Ubuntu
Ubuntu upgrades are easy to affect. As usual with Ubuntu, you get to choose how to upgrade.
Install Ubuntu Upgrades By Updating Your Installation
Ubuntu Upgrades are a choice of two straightforward processes. Here is how to upgrade and update all of your programs at once.
Affect an Ubuntu Upgrade With An Install CD
Ubuntu Upgrades are as easy as the installation. Here is how to upgrade and save your data.
Receiving Email via IMAP
Sending e-mail under Linux is easy. Here is how to receive email under Ubuntu Linux.
Image Handling With Ubuntu
Ubuntu's image handling surpasses those of other operating systems. Whether you just need to look at your pictures or create first-rate graphics, Ubuntu offers a program to meet your needs.
Photo Editing With the GIMP
Ubuntu comes with the GIMP already installed. Here is a brief tutorial on how to edit photos with the GIMP.
Photo Previewing and Slideshows With GQView
GQView is an additional photo previewing program for Ubuntu. Here is a brief tutorial on how to preview and edit photos with GQView on Ubuntu.
Install Ubuntu
Install Ubuntu with minimal fuss. Some choices in the installation process are better than others, and this section will help you to install Ubuntu with ease.
Configure Ubuntu
The default Ubuntu configuration is good for most users. However, you will inevitably want to configure Ubuntu to suit your tastes better.
How to Use Ubuntu
Once Ubuntu is setup, you may still wonder about how to use Ubuntu. This section will show you how to setup and use software such as email, office suites, and photo editing software.
Installing Apache on Ubuntu
Apache is the main Ubuntu web server. It allows you to serve web pages from your computer. Here is how to use Ubuntu to serve web pages with Apache.
Apache Modules on Ubuntu - Ubuntu's Apache Modules - Apache Modules on Ubuntu - Part 1
Apache is the default web server on your Ubuntu system. With Ubuntu's Apache modules, you can enable Apache to do a lot more than serve web pages. Here is how to configure Apache modules on Ubuntu.
Apache on Ubuntu - Ubuntu's Apache Modules - Apache Modules on Ubuntu - Part 2
Apache lets you serve web pages from your Ubuntu server. Which of Ubuntu's Apache modules are installed determines what you can do with your web server. Here is how to configure Apache modules on Ubuntu.
Configure Apache Web Server on Ubuntu
Apache is a web server available for Ubuntu. With it you can serve web pages from a computer. Here is how to setup Apache as a web server on Ubuntu.
Apache Web Server Configuration on Ubuntu
Apache on Ubuntu is a web server that enables you to serve web pages. How well those web pages are served depends on the configuration you use. Here is detailed information on the default configuration of the Apache web server on Ubuntu.
Installing a MySQL Database Server
MySQL is the most common database server in the world. Here is how to install MySQL on Ubuntu Linux.
MySQL Database Configuration
MySQL is the world's most common database server. Here is how simple configuring MySQL can be on Ubuntu Linux.
MySQL Database Configuration in Detail
MySQL is the most common database server. Here is the basic MySQL configuration in detail.
Installing PHP on Ubuntu
PHP is one of the main languages used in developing for the Web. It allows you to create web pages dynamically on Ubuntu.
Configuring PHP on Ubuntu
PHP is a programming language used with the Apache web server. Configuring PHP well allows you to serve web pages dynamically on Ubuntu.
Configuring PHP on Ubuntu In-Depth
PHP is one of the main languages used in developing for the Web. Here is an in-depth look at configuring it on on Ubuntu.
Reading the php.ini File from Ubuntu
PHP is one of the web's main languages for development. Understanding how to configure PHP allows you to create web pages dynamically on Apache.
The Easy Ubuntu Blog
Ubuntu is not always easy. But Easy Ubuntu Linux helps make it that way. Keep it easy with the Easy Ubuntu blog.
Installing a LAMP Server on Ubuntu
A LAMP server is one of the most pervasive types of servers on the Internet, but many people find installing LAMP servers difficult. Here is how to install a LAMP server on Ubuntu.
Installing Samba on Ubuntu
Samba is the main Ubuntu file sharing server. It allows you to share files with others from your computer. Here is how to use Ubuntu to share files with Samba.
Configuring Samba on Ubuntu I
Samba is a file sharing server for Ubuntu Linux. It allows filesharing with others from your computer. This guide shows how to configure Samba on Ubuntu.
Configuring Samba on Ubuntu II
Samba is a file sharing server for Ubuntu Linux. It allows filesharing with others from your computer. This is the second page of a guide that shows how to configure Samba on Ubuntu.
Configuring Samba on Ubuntu III: [globals]
Samba is a file sharing server for Ubuntu Linux. The [globals] header is part of the Samba configuration file. This guide shows how to configure the [globals] section of the Samba configuration on Ubuntu.
Configuring Samba on Ubuntu IV: [homes]
Samba is a file sharing server for Ubuntu Linux. The [homes] header is part of the Samba configuration file. This guide shows how to configure the [homes] section of the Samba configuration on Ubuntu.
Configuring Samba on Ubuntu V: [printers]
Samba also functions as a printer managing server for Ubuntu Linux. The [printers] header is part of the Samba configuration file. This guide shows how to configure the [printers] section of the Samba configuration.
Resizing a Windows Installation: A Caution
Resizing a Windows installation is easy with the Ubuntu installer. Installing Ubuntu in parallel to a Windows installation is called 'dual booting' and is a good idea. Here is how to do it.
Computer Programming on Ubuntu - Use Ubuntu to Program Your Computer
Ubuntu's open source nature allows you to program your computer yourself. Here is an introduction to the ways to do computer programming on Ubuntu.
Computer Programming on Ubuntu - Functional Programming on Ubuntu
Functional programming is not hard to do on Ubuntu. Here is an introduction to what functional programming is and why this programming paradigm is widely used.
Computer Programming on Ubuntu - Object-Oriented Programming on Ubuntu
Object-oriented programming is one of the most powerful programming paradigms and the hardest to control. Here is an introduction to how to use object-oriented programming on Ubuntu..
Learn PHP with Ubuntu - PHP Tutorial for Ubuntu
Learning PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. This PHP tutorial helps you begin to learn PHP for Ubuntu.
Learn PHP with Ubuntu - PHP Tutorial for Ubuntu - PHP Keywords
Learning PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. This PHP tutorial helps you begin to learn PHP for Ubuntu, starting with PHP's keywords.
Installing Wine on Ubuntu
Wine is an emulation layer for Ubuntu. It allows you to run Windows applications like native Ubuntu software. Here is how to use Wine to run Windows applications on Ubuntu.
Learn PHP with Ubuntu - PHP Tutorial for Ubuntu - PHP Variables and Datatypes
To Learn PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. In this PHP tutorial, we look at variables and datatypes.
Learn PHP with Ubuntu - PHP Tutorial on Datatypes - PHP Datatypes
To Learn PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. In this PHP tutorial, we look the importance of PHP's datatypes.
Installing Business::Credit Card for Perl on Ubuntu
Perl's Credit Card module is an effective way to check card numbers on Ubuntu. Here is how to install the Credit Card module on Ubuntu in the fastest and most painless way possible.
Credit Card Validation Before Processing
Processing credit cards is a fundamental process when you do ecommerce on Apache. Here we walk through some of the more common options for credit card processing on Ubuntu.
Credit Card Processing Choices
Processing credit cards is a fundamental process when you do ecommerce on Apache. Here we walk through some of the more common options for credit card processing on Ubuntu.
Ubuntu Netbook - Get Ubuntu on a Netbook - Netbooks Running Ubuntu
An Ubuntu netbook gives you the facility of a netbook with the advantages of Ubuntu. Here we see the beauty of running an Ubuntu netbook.
Linux Netbook - Get Linux on a Netbook - Netbooks Running Linux
A netbook is a very small laptop that has lower specifications than the usual lap top. This makes it perfect for Linux. Here we look at the advantages of a Linux netbook.
Netbook - Ubuntu Netbook - Netbooks Running Ubuntu Linux
A netbook is a very small laptop that has lower specifications than the usual lap top. Here we look at the netbook and the value of running Ubuntu Linux on one.
Learn PHP with Ubuntu - PHP Tutorial for Ubuntu - PHP Syntax
Learning PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. This PHP tutorial helps you begin to learn PHP and PHP syntax.
Learn PHP Syntax with Ubuntu - PHP Tutorial on Loops - PHP Loop Syntax
PHP loops are not difficult to learn. It is simply a matter of remembering each formula. This PHP tutorial shows you how PHP loops work on Ubuntu.
Learn PHP Constants - PHP Tutorial on Constants - PHP Constants on Ubuntu
To learn PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. In this PHP tutorial, we look at PHP constants.
PHP Tutorial on the Value of Constants - Learn PHP - PHP Constants on Ubuntu
To learn PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. In this PHP tutorial, we look at the value of constants.
PHP Tutorial on Defined Constants - Learn PHP - PHP Constants on Ubuntu
To learn PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. This PHP tutorial shows how to test for defined constants and then to define them if they are not a PHP constant.
Learn PHP Expressions - PHP Tutorial on Expressions
To Learn PHP is not difficult with Ubuntu. In this PHP tutorial, we look at the importance of understanding PHP's expressions.
Apache Web Hosting
Apache is the main web server provided by web hosting companies. Here are recommendations on which Apache web hosting company to use for your Apache web host.
Linux Notebooks
Linux notebooks are not as rare as they once were. It is nonetheless possible to buy a notebook and find that you cannot install Linux on it. Here is a series of guides for how to install Linux on different notebooks.
Learn PHP in HTML - How To Embed PHP in HTML
We usually learn PHP as a standalone language, but it can be used in a HTML page. Here is how to embed PHP in HTML for dynamic web pages.
Affect PHP Hosting - Configure Apache to Host PHP
To affect PHP hosting requires you to configure Apache to Host PHP. Here we see how to do that.
PCI DSS - What is PCI DSS
PCI DSS is one of the most important elements of e-commerce. Even if you run your own credit card processing business, you would be forgiven for wondering 'What is PCI DSS?'. This cryptic abbreviation is explained here.
Sudoers - Registering Users in the Sudoers File
Sudoers are those users who can gain administrative access to the system. Their names are listed in the sudoers file. Here is how to be so registered if your username is not in the sudoers file.
PCI DSS Requirements - What are the PCI DSS Requirements
The PCI DSS requirements cover the salient aspects of data security set by the payment card industry. Here we look at the requirements of the PCI DSS.
PCI DSS Network Security- Secure Your Network According to the PCI DSS
The PCI DSS requires network security in the first instance. Here are the two requirements of the PCI DSS that focus on network security.
PCI DSS Network Security- Checklist for Securing Your Firewall According to the PCI DSS
The PCI DSS requires a secure firewall in the first instance. Here is the PCI checklist for securing your network.
PCI DSS Network Security - Secure Your Systems According to the PCI DSS
The PCI DSS requires network security down to the system level. Here is what to look for when evaluating your systems for network security according to PCI DSS requirements.
PCI DSS Network Security Checklist 2 - Checklist for Securing Your Network According to the PCI DSS
The PCI DSS requirements for network security are not self-explanatory. Here is the PCI checklist for securing your network according to PCI DSS requirements.
Credit Card Data - Protect Credit Card Data According to the PCI DSS
The PCI DSS requires protection of credit card data in multiple ways. Here is how to protect credit card data according to PCI DSS requirements.
Credit Card Data 2 - Checklist for Credit Card Data Protection According to the PCI DSS
Credit card data protection is the second set of PCI DSS requirements. This checklist helps you to ensure you are compliant with the PCI DSS requirements on credit card data security.
Credit Card Data 3 - Credit Card Data Protection in Transit According to the PCI DSS
Credit card data protection is the second major set of PCI DSS requirements. This second component deals with how to protect credit card data in transit according to PCI DSS requirements.
Credit Card Data 4 - Checklist for Credit Card Data Protection in Transit
Credit card data protection is the second major set of PCI DSS requirements. This checklist will help you to ensure your are compliant with PCI DSS requirements for credit card data protection.
Sign Up for Gmail
Sign up for Gmail and get several benefits for free. Here is how to sign up for Gmail for free.
Email Solutions on Ubuntu Linux
Email solution on Linux vary according to how much control and accessibility you want to have. Here we see what is available for email solutions under Ubuntu Linux.
Install Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)
Install Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) with minimal fuss. Some choices in the installation process are better than others, and this installation guide will help you to install Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) with ease.
OpenOffice Writer
OpenOffice Writer is the wordprocessing application of the OpenOffice office suite of productivity applications. Here are the basics of using OpenOffice Writer.
Easy Ubuntu Manuals
Manuals for all things Linux provided by Easy Ubuntu Linux
Ubuntu Reset Password
To reset password in Ubuntu is used with root access and without. Here is how to reset password in Ubuntu.
Ubuntu Add User
To add users in Ubuntu allows for a true multi-user system. Here is how to add user in Ubuntu.
PCI DSS Vulnerability Management - Secure Your Network Against Vulnerabilities per the PCI DSS
The PCI DSS vulnerability management addresses all forms of malware - viruses, worms, and Trojans. Here are the stipulations of the PCI DSS with regard to management of known vulnerabilities.
PCI DSS Vulnerability Management Checklist - Check Your Network For Vulnerabilities per the PCI DSS
This PCI DSS vulnerability management checklist addresses the same kinds of malware that the PCI DSS requires. Here the stipulations of PCI DSS vulnerability management are put in practical terms.
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