Samba on Ubuntu: Configuring the Server III: [globals]
The globals section of the Samba configuration file directs the behavior of the entire Samba server. There are only so many kinds of syntax that one can have in a configuration file, so the Samba initialisation file bears a resemblance to others, like Apache's configuration file. For the basic syntax of the smb.conf file, see "Configuring the Server II".
The Core Settings of [global]
To understand the global section of smb.conf, it is best to strip out all the comments and options and start with the default configuration of the section:
[global]This is the basic global configuration. Let's go through it line-by-line:
workgroup = WORKGROUP
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
dns proxy = no
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 1000
syslog = 0
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
encrypt passwords = true
passdb backend = tdbsam
obey pam restrictions = yes
unix password sync = yes
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
pam password change = yes
map to guest = bad user
usershare allow guests = yes
- workgroup: As Samba is primarily meant to facilitate sharing between Windows and non-Windows machines, the 'workgroup' setting sets the name of the workgroup to which the Samba server belongs.
- server string: This is used to store the NT description information for identification purposes.
- dns proxy: Unless you want the server to query the DNS for NetBIOS names, this should be left as 'no'.
- log file: The location of the log file.
- max log size: The maximum size of the log file before it is rotated; the amount is read in kilobytes (kb).
- syslog: A boolean value for whether Samba should record information in the system log; to keep this to a minimum, use '0'.
- panic action: What should be done if the server crashes? The action set here sends the system administrator a message with a backtrace
- encrypt passwords: In the main, you should always encrypt passwords and this should be 'true'. Plaintext passwords represent a security risk and are no longer supported by most modern systems, including Windows. To use password encryption, however, you must quantify against which file or server Samba should authenticate.
- passdb backend: What password database are you using to store passwords?
- obey pam restrictions: If you use encrypted passwords, this setting is moot, but you otherwise need to decide whether the server should pay attention to pluggable authentication modules (PAM).
- unix password sync: Should the server attempt to synchronise the system password with the SMB password when the latter is changed in the password database?
- passwd program: Which password program should be used to allow users to administer passwords? If in doubt, use the default.
- passwd chat: This shows the chat script used to interface with the password administration program.
- pam password change: Should PAM password programs be used instead of the system password program?
- map to guest: What should happen when authentication fails? Here the would-be user is mapped as a bad user.
- usershare allow guests: Should users who have been granted usershare privileges on the server be allowed to create public shares on the network or only authenticated ones?
Additional Recommended Settings
In the default Ubuntu configuration of Samba, several options are prepended with a semicolon (';'). These are recommended settings for when you setup Samba for file sharing or printing. Here they are in order:
; wins server = w.x.y.z
; name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast
; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0
; bind interfaces only = yes
; domain logons = yes
; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
; logon drive = H:
; logon script = logon.cmd
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u
; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g
; printing = bsd
; printcap name = /etc/printcap
; printing = cups
; printcap name = cups
; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m
; message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &
; idmap uid = 10000-20000
; idmap gid = 10000-20000
; template shell = /bin/bash
; winbind enum groups = yes
; winbind enum users = yes
; usershare max shares = 100
- wins server: Should Samba use the Windows Internet Name Serving (WINS)? If so, specify the server address here. Note that Samba can be a WINS server or a WINS client, but not both.
- name resolve order: What order of naming services should be used when reconciling host names to IP addresses on the network?
- interfaces: This is the specific binding of Samba to either an IP address with netmask (as shown in the default) or the interface name, if known.
- bind interfaces only: If you set a specific interface, you can then restrict all activity to that interface; use this boolean value to do so.
- domain logons: Whether the server is able to authenticate users is determined by this setting.
- logon path: If domain logons are allowed, specify the location of the user's directory; if this is used, a [profiles] section is required in smb.conf.
- logon drive: To which drive should a user's home directory be mapped?
- logon script: What script should be run on logon?
- add user script: This allows you to customise the way users are added to the server
- add machine script : This allows you to customise the way a user's machine is initially registered on the server/network.
- add group script: This sets how user groups are to be setup.
- printing: This setting determines what kind of printing you will use on the server. The most common choices are 'bsd' for lpr printing and cups for CUPS printing.
- printcap name: The printcap name is the file or location to which Samba should direct jobs.
- include: This directive allows you to include directives from other Samba configuration files. Use this directive sparingly as too frequent use of include directives can result in poor performance of a Samba server.
- message command: What command should be used to send messages across the network? This directive uses a command called 'LinPopUp', a Linux analogue of WinPopUp that provides this service on Windows servers.
- idmap uid: What range of user IDs can be used?
- idmap gid: What range of group IDs can be used?
- template shell: Which shell should be used to create users and
- winbind enum groups: Should Samba enumerate groups for use with Winbind?
- winbind enum users: Should Samba enumerate users for use with Winbind?
- usershare max shares: What is the maximum number of shares that a user can enable? Note that '0' is absolute and disables sharing.
Learn more about configuring Samba on Ubuntu:
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